India's criminal justice system is a testament to its remarkable resilience and adaptability. It has evolved to meet the needs of various historical periods, including the recent amendment of the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita. This blog explains the evolution of the penal system in India.

Administration of criminal justice is carried out through Magistrate Courts and Sessions Courts. The Indian Panel Code, 1860 (IPC), together with other penal laws constitutes India's substantive criminal law.

The term ‘Wrongful restraint’ denotes a willful obstruction of any individual in order to keep that individual from continuing toward any path in which that individual has a privilege to continue.

When a person proved with the commission of an offence, and ought to have been punished by law, if he is exempted from such legal punishment under special conditions stipulated in the law, it is known as General Exception. General exceptions have been explained under Sections 76 to 106 of IPC.

Any offence committed requires certain records and documents to take action before starting the criminal procedures. FIR and complaint are one of those prerequisites.

There are certain terms in the Criminal justice system which are ambiguous in nature.

Criminal liability has been defined by lexicon dictionary as something wherein there are accountability and responsibility to another by the ways of legal criminal sanction.

If a person commits crime voluntarily or after premeditation it involves certain stages. There are four stages in the commission of crime.

Jurisdiction is an aspect of state sovereignty and it refers to judicial, legislative and administrative competence. Jurisdiction may be defined as power or authority of a court to hear and determine a case, to adjudicate and exercise any judicial power in relation to it by taking cognizance of matters presented before the court. There are two kinds of jurisdiction of courts.