An accused person should be given a chance of reformation that he would lose if he is incarcerated in prison and associates with hardened criminals.

Dishonestly & Fraudulently are usually confused as synonyms, although they have different meanings and uses in criminal law. The main factor in discriminating them is the level of punishment. Dishonestly is non-cognizable, whereas fraudulently is a cognizable offence.

The word “kidnapping” has been derived from the word ‘kid’ meaning child and ‘napping’ to steal. Thus the word literally means “child stealing”. However, under the Indian Penal Code it is not confined to child stealing. It has been given broader implication, i.e., carrying away of a human being against his/her consent, or the person accused removes the person from his/her lawful guardianship.

As per the dictionary, the meaning presumption is ‘an idea that is taken to be true on the basis of probability’ or ‘the act of believing that something is true without having any proof’.

The term ‘Wrongful restraint’ denotes a willful obstruction of any individual in order to keep that individual from continuing toward any path in which that individual has a privilege to continue.

With the change in the social structure, society has witnessed various punishment theories and the radical changes that they have undergone from the traditional to the modern level and the crucial problems relating to them.

When a person proved with the commission of an offence, and ought to have been punished by law, if he is exempted from such legal punishment under special conditions stipulated in the law, it is known as General Exception. General exceptions have been explained under Sections 76 to 106 of IPC.

There are certain terms in the Criminal justice system which are ambiguous in nature.

Criminal liability has been defined by lexicon dictionary as something wherein there are accountability and responsibility to another by the ways of legal criminal sanction.

If a person commits crime voluntarily or after premeditation it involves certain stages. There are four stages in the commission of crime.

Jurisdiction is an aspect of state sovereignty and it refers to judicial, legislative and administrative competence. Jurisdiction may be defined as power or authority of a court to hear and determine a case, to adjudicate and exercise any judicial power in relation to it by taking cognizance of matters presented before the court. There are two kinds of jurisdiction of courts.