In India, the rights of the accused are provided only in cases where a warrant is issued. An accused has certain rights during any investigation; enquiry or trial of offence with which he is charged till the time the crime is not proven.

Dishonestly & Fraudulently are usually confused as synonyms, although they have different meanings and uses in criminal law. The main factor in discriminating them is the level of punishment. Dishonestly is non-cognizable, whereas fraudulently is a cognizable offence.

The criminal procedure in India is governed by the CrPC 1973.

An amicus curia is a Latin word which means, ‘friend of the court. He/she is a person appointed by the court who is a specialist in any specific area along with the legal knowledge who can assist a court by offering information, expertise, or insight that has a bearing on the issues in the case in the form of a brief. He is not a party to a case and should not be appointed by a party to maintain the transparency and unbiased decision. The Court appoints him and the court itself provides his fees/consultation. The decision on whether to consider an amicus brief lies within the discretion of the court.

Hindu Law is a divine law. It is believed that God has preached the law to the common man through Vedas. Different sages and ascetics life have expounded and refined the unique ideas of life clarified in the Vedas.

Administration of criminal justice is carried out through Magistrate Courts and Sessions Courts. The Indian Panel Code, 1860 (IPC), together with other penal laws constitutes India's substantive criminal law.

Our legal system has provided many provisions to protect women and keep on amending from time to time. Some significant provisions on sexual offences were amended in 2013-18 in criminal law.

According to Article 124 of the Indian constitution, there shall be a Supreme Court of India. The constitutional powers and jurisdictions of the Supreme Court have been defined from Article 124-147. The Supreme Court is meant to be the highest court of appeal which takes up appeals against the verdict of High Courts. Supreme Court at the apex of Indian Judiciary to uphold the constitution of India, to protect the rights and liberties of citizens and to uphold the values of rule of law. Hence it is known as the guardian of our Constitution.

Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. In India Criminal Justice system includes three Acts

An organised crime group is a category of transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals who attempt to regulate and control the production and distribution of a given commodity or service unlawfully.

The word “kidnapping” has been derived from the word ‘kid’ meaning child and ‘napping’ to steal. Thus the word literally means “child stealing”. However, under the Indian Penal Code it is not confined to child stealing. It has been given broader implication, i.e., carrying away of a human being against his/her consent, or the person accused removes the person from his/her lawful guardianship.

As per the dictionary, the meaning presumption is ‘an idea that is taken to be true on the basis of probability’ or ‘the act of believing that something is true without having any proof’.